All kind of electronic / electromechanical components

  • directions_boat Worldwide

Active components
Semiconductors
Diodes

Conduct electricity easily in one direction, among more specific behaviors.

Diode, Rectifier, Bridge rectifier
Schottky diode, hot carrier diode – super fast diode with lower forward voltage drop
Zener diode – Passes current in reverse direction to provide a constant voltage reference
Transient voltage suppression diode (TVS), Unipolar or Bipolar – used to absorb high-voltage spikes
Varactor, Tuning diode, Varicap, Variable capacitance diode – A diode whose AC capacitance varies according to the DC voltage applied.

Various examples of Light-emitting diodes

Light-emitting diode (LED) – A diode that emits light
Photodiode – Passes current in proportion to incident light
Avalanche photodiode Photodiode with internal gain
Solar Cell, photovoltaic cell, PV array or panel, produces power from light
DIAC (Diode for Alternating Current), Trigger Diode, SIDAC) – Often used to trigger an SCR
Constant-current diode
Peltier cooler – A semiconductor heat pump
Tunnel diode - very fast diode based on quantum mechanical tunneling

Transistors

Transistors were considered the invention of the twentieth century that changed electronic circuits forever. A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power.

Transistors
Bipolar junction transistor (BJT, or simply "transistor") – NPN or PNP
Photo transistor – Amplified photodetector
Darlington transistor – NPN or PNP
Photo Darlington – Amplified photodetector
Sziklai pair (Compound transistor, complementary Darlington)
Field-effect transistor (FET)
JFET (Junction Field-Effect Transistor) – N-CHANNEL or P-CHANNEL
MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor FET) – N-CHANNEL or P-CHANNEL
MESFET (MEtal Semiconductor FET)
HEMT (High electron mobility transistor)
Thyristors
Silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) – Passes current only after triggered by a sufficient control voltage on its gate
TRIAC (TRIode for Alternating Current) – Bidirectional SCR
Unijunction transistor (UJT)
Programmable Unijunction transistor (PUT)
SIT (Static induction transistor)
SITh (Static induction thyristor)
Composite transistors
IGBT (Insulated-gate bipolar transistor)

Integrated circuits

Digital electronics
Analog
Hall effect sensor –senses a magnetic field.
Current sensor – Senses a current through it

Optoelectronic devices

Opto-electronics
Opto-Isolator, Opto-Coupler, Photo-Coupler – Photodiode, BJT, JFET, SCR, TRIAC, Zero-crossing TRIAC, Open collector IC, CMOS IC, Solid state relay (SSR)
Opto switch, Opto interrupter, Optical switch, Optical interrupter, Photo switch, Photo interrupter
LED display – Seven-segment display, Sixteen-segment display, Dot-matrix display

Display technologies

Current:

Filament lamp (indicator lamp)
Vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) (preformed characters, 7 segment, starburst)
Cathode ray tube (CRT) (dot matrix scan, radial scan (e.g. radar), arbitrary scan (e.g. oscilloscope)) (monochrome & colour)
LCD (preformed characters, dot matrix) (passive, TFT) (monochrome, colour)
Neon (individual, 7 segment display)
LED (individual, 7 segment display, starburst display, dot matrix)
Flap indicator (numeric, preprinted messages)
Plasma display (dot matrix)

Obsolete:

Incandescent filament 7 segment display (aka 'Numitron')
Nixie Tube
Dekatron (aka glow transfer tube)
Magic eye tube indicator
Penetron (a 2 colour see-through CRT)

Vacuum tubes (valves)

A vacuum tube is based on current conduction through a vacuum (see Vacuum tube).

Diode or rectifier tube

Amplification
Triode
Tetrode
Pentode
Hexode
Pentagrid
Octode
Traveling-wave tube
Klystron
Oscillation
Magnetron
Reflex Klystron (obsolete)
Carcinotron

Optical detectors or emitters

Phototube or Photodiode – tube equivalent of semiconductor photodiode
Photomultiplier tube – phototube with internal gain
Cathode ray tube (CRT) or television picture tube (obsolete)
Vacuum fluorescent display (VFD) – modern non-raster sort of small CRT display
Magic eye tube – small CRT display used as a tuning meter (obsolete)
X-ray tube – generates x-rays

Discharge devices

Gas discharge tube
Ignitron
Thyratron

Obsolete:

Mercury arc rectifier
Voltage regulator tube
Nixie tube

Power sources

Sources of electrical power:

Battery – acid- or alkali-based power supply.
Fuel cell – an electrochemical generator
Power supply – usually a main hook-up
Photo voltaic device – generates electricity from light
Thermo electric generator – generates electricity from temperature gradients
Electrical generator – an electromechanical power source
Piezoelectric generator - generates electricity from mechanical strain
Van de Graaff generator - generates electricity from friction

Passive components

Components incapable of controlling current by means of another electrical signal are called passive devices. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers are all considered passive devices.
Resistors
SMD resistors on a backside of a PCB

Pass current in proportion to voltage (Ohm's law) and oppose current.

Resistor – fixed value
Power resistor – larger to safely dissipate heat generated
SIP or DIP resistor network – array of resistors in one package
Variable resistor
Rheostat – two-terminal variable resistor (often for high power)
Potentiometer – three-terminal variable resistor (variable voltage divider)
Trim pot – Small potentiometer, usually for internal adjustments
Thermistor – thermally sensitive resistor whose prime function is to exhibit a large, predictable and precise change in electrical resistance when subjected to a corresponding change in body temperature.[3]
Humistor – humidity-varied resistor
Photoresistor
Memristor
Varistor, Voltage Dependent Resistor, MOV – Passes current when excessive voltage is present
Resistance wire, Nichrome wire – wire of high-resistance material, often used as a heating element
Heater – heating element

Capacitors
Some different capacitors for electronic equipment

Capacitors store and release electrical charge. They are used for filtering power supply lines, tuning resonant circuits, and for blocking DC voltages while passing AC signals, among numerous other uses.

Capacitor
Integrated capacitors
MIS capacitor
Trench capacitor
Fixed capacitors
Ceramic capacitor
Film capacitor
Electrolytic capacitor
Aluminum electrolytic capacitor
Tantalum electrolytic capacitor
Niobium electrolytic capacitor
Polymer capacitor, OS-CON
Supercapacitor (Electric double-layer capacitor)
Nanoionic supercapacitor
Lithium-ion capacitor
Mica capacitor
Vacuum capacitor
Variable capacitor – adjustable capacitance
Tuning capacitor – variable capacitor for tuning a radio, oscillator, or tuned circuit
Trim capacitor – small variable capacitor for seldom or rare adjustments of LC-circuits
Vacuum variable capacitor
Capacitors for special applications
Power capacitor
Safety capacitor
Filter capacitor
Light-emitting capacitor
Motor capacitor
Photoflash capacitor
Reservoir capacitor
Capacitor network (array)
Varicap diode – AC capacitance varies according to the DC voltage applied

Magnetic (inductive) devices

Electrical components that use magnetism in the storage and release of electrical charge through current:

Inductor, coil, choke
Variable inductor
Saturable Inductor
Transformer
Magnetic amplifier (toroid)
ferrite impedances, beads
Motor / Generator
Solenoid
Loudspeaker and microphone

Memristor

Electrical components that pass charge in proportion to magnetism or magnetic flux, and have the ability to retain a previous resistive state, hence the name of Memory plus Resistor.

Memristor

Networks

Components that use more than one type of passive component:

RC network – forms an RC circuit, used in snubbers
LC Network – forms an LC circuit, used in tunable transformers and RFI filters.

Transducers, sensors, detectors

Transducers generate physical effects when driven by an electrical signal, or vice versa.
Sensors (detectors) are transducers that react to environmental conditions by changing their electrical properties or generating an electrical signal.
The transducers listed here are single electronic components (as opposed to complete assemblies), and are passive (see Semiconductors and Tubes for active ones). Only the most common ones are listed here.

Audio
Loudspeaker – Electromagnetic or piezoelectric device to generate full audio
Buzzer – Electromagnetic or piezoelectric sounder to generate tones
Position, motion
Linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) – Magnetic – detects linear position
Rotary encoder, Shaft Encoder – Optical, magnetic, resistive or switches – detects absolute or relative angle or rotational speed
Inclinometer – Capacitive – detects angle with respect to gravity
Motion sensor, Vibration sensor
Flow meter – detects flow in liquid or gas
Force, torque
Strain gauge – Piezoelectric or resistive – detects squeezing, stretching, twisting
Accelerometer – Piezoelectric – detects acceleration, gravity
Thermal
Thermocouple, thermopile – Wires that generate a voltage proportional to delta temperature
Thermistor – Resistor whose resistance changes with temperature, up PTC or down NTC
Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) – Wire whose resistance changes with temperature
Bolometer – Device for measuring the power of incident electromagnetic radiation
Thermal cutoff – Switch that is opened or closed when a set temperature is exceeded
Magnetic field (see also Hall Effect in semiconductors)
Magnetometer, Gauss meter
Humidity
Hygrometer
Electromagnetic, light
Photo resistor – Light dependent resistor (LDR)

Antennas

Antennas transmit or receive radio waves

Elemental dipole
Yagi
Phased array
Loop antenna
Parabolic dish
Log-periodic dipole array
Biconical
Feedhorn

Assemblies, modules

Multiple electronic components assembled in a device that is in itself used as a component

Oscillator
Display devices
Liquid crystal display (LCD)
Digital voltmeters
Filter

Prototyping aids

Wire-wrap
Breadboard

Electromechanical
A quartz crystal (left) and a crystal oscillator
Piezoelectric devices, crystals, resonators

Passive components that use piezoelectric effect:

Components that use the effect to generate or filter high frequencies
Crystal – a ceramic crystal used to generate precise frequencies (See the Modules class below for complete oscillators)
Ceramic resonator – Is a ceramic crystal used to generate semi-precise frequencies
Ceramic filter – Is a ceramic crystal used to filter a band of frequencies such as in radio receivers
surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters
Components that use the effect as mechanical transducers.
Ultrasonic motor – Electric motor that uses the piezoelectric effects
For piezo buzzers and microphones, see the Transducer class below

Terminals and connectors

Devices to make electrical connection

Terminal
Connector
Socket
Screw terminal, Terminal Blocks
Pin header

Cable assemblies

Electrical cables with connectors or terminals at their ends

Power cord
Patch cord
Test lead

2 different miniature pushbutton switches
Switches

Components that can pass current ("closed") or break the current ("open"):

Switch – Manually operated switch
Electrical description: SPST, SPDT, DPST, DPDT, NPNT (general)
Technology: slide switches, toggle switches, rocker switches, rotary switches, pushbutton switches
Keypad – Array of pushbutton switches
DIP switch – Small array of switches for internal configuration settings
Footswitch – Foot-operated switch
Knife switch – Switch with unenclosed conductors
Micro switch – Mechanically activated switch with snap action
Limit switch – Mechanically activated switch to sense limit of motion
Mercury switch – Switch sensing tilt
Centrifugal switch – Switch sensing centrifugal force due to rate of rotation
Relay or contactor – Electro-mechanically operated switch (see also solid state relay above)
Reed switch – Magnetically activated switch
Thermostat – Thermally activated switch
Humidistat – Humidity activated switch
Circuit breaker – Switch opened in response to excessive current: a resettable fuse

Protection devices

Passive components that protect circuits from excessive currents or voltages:

Fuse – over-current protection, one time use
Circuit breaker – resettable fuse in the form of a mechanical switch
Resettable fuse or PolySwitch – circuit breaker action using solid state device
Ground-fault protection or residual-current device – circuit breaker sensitive to mains currents passing to ground
Metal oxide varistor (MOV), surge absorber, TVS – Over-voltage protection
Inrush current limiter – protection against initial Inrush current
Gas discharge tube – protection against high voltage surges
Spark gap – electrodes with a gap to arc over at a high voltage
Lightning arrester – spark gap used to protect against lightning strikes

Mechanical accessories

Enclosure (electrical)
Heat sink
Fan